A & T Respiratory Medicine

Pulmonary fibrosis is a lung disorder that occurs when the tissues in the lungs become damaged followed by scarring. Scaring results in the formation of thick and stiff tissue that makes it more difficult for the lungs to expand and relax preventing them from working properly. As pulmonary fibrosis becomes worsens, the patient becomes short of breath in a progressive manner. The scarring linked to pulmonary fibrosis is often caused due to a combination of factors. However, in most cases, it is difficult to detect the exact cause that triggered the development of this condition. When no specific cause can be found, the condition is called idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. The damage caused due to pulmonary fibrosis cannot be reversed. However, medications and treatment may sometimes help to ease the symptoms and improve the patient's quality of life. In some patients, a lung transplant may be required. Stages of pulmonary fibrosis Stage 1: Recent diagnosis The common early

  Background  The mortality rate of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is high in adult patients. The highest mortality has been registered in patients in the older age group with a steady rise in the incidence of morbidity in younger people of working age.  There is a need to focus research on the role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of pneumonia as CAP largely determines the outcomes of the same. This research is aimed at evaluating the indices of neutrophils oxidized-modified proteins and oxidative stress in patients with CAP, depending on the severity, and comparison of the frequency of neutrophil extracellular traps responsible for causing the progress of pneumonia.  Introduction The development of CAP is diverse among different patients. It is dependent on the etiology and the pathways of penetration of the microorganisms into the lungs.  The evaluation of the changes in the metabolic and functional status of neutrophils could be one of the urgent areas of research, as their

  Objective The soluble form of guanylate cyclase (sGC) stimulator riociguat has been approved for the management of patients with PAH (pulmonary arterial hypertension). It is also approved for the treatment of inoperable or recurrent/persistent chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension after its safety and efficacy were assessed during the phase 3 randomized trials.  This EXPERT (EXPosurE Registry RiociguaT) study in patients with pulmonary hypertension is designed to assess the long-term safety of this medication in clinical practice. Methods EXPERT is an international, non-interventional prospective, multicenter, uncontrolled, cohort study of patients who were administered riociguat. During this study, patients were followed up for at least one year and up to four years from the enrollment or for 30 days after they stopped riociguat treatment.  The safety outcomes were related to the serious adverse events (SAEs) and adverse events (AEs) coded using Medical Dictionary for the Sy