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Pulmonary Fibrosis – Symptoms, Causes, Stages, and Treatment

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Pulmonary fibrosis is a lung disorder that occurs when the tissues in the lungs become damaged followed by scarring. Scaring results in the formation of thick and stiff tissue that makes it more difficult for the lungs to expand and relax preventing them from working properly. As pulmonary fibrosis becomes worsens, the patient becomes short of breath in a progressive manner. The scarring linked to pulmonary fibrosis is often caused due to a combination of factors. However, in most cases, it is difficult to detect the exact cause that triggered the development of this condition. When no specific cause can be found, the condition is called idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. The damage caused due to pulmonary fibrosis cannot be reversed. However, medications and treatment may sometimes help to ease the symptoms and improve the patient's quality of life. In some patients, a lung transplant may be required. Stages of pulmonary fibrosis Stage 1: Recent diagnosis The common early
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Adenotonsillitis – Symptoms, Risks, Diagnosis, and Treatment

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Adenotonsillitis is a condition caused due to the inflammation of the tonsils and adenoids. Tonsils are two small round lumps present at the back of the throat whereas adenoids are sit uated high in the throat, behind the roof of the oral cavity (the soft palate), and the nose. Tonsils and adenoids form a part of our immune system. They help to protect the body against diseases, especially infections. Unfortunately, when tonsils and adenoids get infected or inflamed, they become swollen due to which patients may develop a range of symptoms like pain in the throat and a difficulty in swelling.    How does age influence the risk ofadenotonsillitis? Infection in the tonsil and adenoid is very common. Adenotonsillitis usually affects children. The higher incidence of Adenotonsillitis in children could be attributed to the fact that when children start going to a nursery or school, they meet other children and play with them. This can expose them to respiratory infections more fre
Location: United States
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Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Neutrophil Oxidized-Modified Proteins in Patients with Pneumonia

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  Background  The mortality rate of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is high in adult patients. The highest mortality has been registered in patients in the older age group with a steady rise in the incidence of morbidity in younger people of working age.  There is a need to focus research on the role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of pneumonia as CAP largely determines the outcomes of the same. This research is aimed at evaluating the indices of neutrophils oxidized-modified proteins and oxidative stress in patients with CAP, depending on the severity, and comparison of the frequency of neutrophil extracellular traps responsible for causing the progress of pneumonia.  Introduction The development of CAP is diverse among different patients. It is dependent on the etiology and the pathways of penetration of the microorganisms into the lungs.  The evaluation of the changes in the metabolic and functional status of neutrophils could be one of the urgent areas of research, as their
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